Yudu County is located in the eastern part of Ganzhou City in Jiangxi Province and has unique natural resources for the development of navel oranges. It is one of the key development counties of Gannan navel oranges. The existing navel orange area of ​​the county is 8,400 hm2, and the total annual output of navel orange is 53,600 tons. It has become a local rural area. The leading industries for economic development and new rural construction are still about 1,000 kg per unit of production (see Table 3). The main reason for the low yield is mainly due to the low soil fertility. In order to understand the content of soil nutrient elements in the navel orange garden in Du County and better guide the fertilization of fruit growers, in July 2008, soil samples were collected from 30 navel orange orchards in 18 townships in the county, and were collected by the city of Chenzhou in September 2008. The Fruit Industry Bureau unified the analysis and testing of the Chinese Orange Research Institute. The result of soil tester shows that the soil of the navel orange garden in most townships in Yudu County is acidic, and the pH value is difficult to adapt to the growth of navel orange (see Table 2). The orchard with a pH value lower than 4.8 accounts for 60% and the pH value is in the range of 4.8 to 8.0. Within the navel orange orchard, 40% of the population consisted of 13.3% of the optimum range (pH 5.5 to 6.5) and 0 for the alkaline (pH above 8.0) navel orange orchard. The pH value of the navel orange orchard in Yudu County was 4.19, with a maximum of 7.52, and the soil pH was mostly low. The water and nutrients required by the tree are mainly absorbed by the roots from the soil. The soil pH is an important chemical property of the soil and plays an important role in the activity of soil microorganisms, mineral nutrients, and decomposition of organic matter, affecting the release, fixation, and migration of soil nutrients. Tour etc. Therefore, for the navel orange orchard of soil acidification, measures such as multi-applied lime and application of alkaline fertilizers should be taken to increase the soil pH value year by year. The test results of soil and fertilizer speedometers showed that the soil organic matter content of most of the townships of Yudu County was low, with an organic matter content of 15g/kg accounting for only 10%, and an organic matter content of soil not exceeding 30g/kg in the navel orange orchard; 13.3% The navel orange garden was in the low value range (10~15g/kg), and the navel orange garden with organic matter content less than 10 g/kg accounted for 76.7%, and the navel orange garden with extremely low organic matter content (<5 g/kg) accounted for 17.6%. The lowest organic matter content was Chexi Wufeng, only 2.78 g/kg, and the highest organic matter content was Xianxia Fukeng, which was 21.3g/kg, and did not reach a rich value above 30g/kg. The average content of organic matter is 8.76g/kg, which is in a very low value, indicating that the content of organic matter in the soil of the navel orange garden in the Du County area is seriously lacking. Soil organic matter is an important index to measure soil quality, which is related to the structure, cultivability, water holding capacity, fertilizer retention, fertilizer supply and other characteristics and production performance of the soil. Therefore, increasing the application amount of organic fertilizer such as bran cake, biogas slurry, stacking fertilizer, etc. is one of the important measures to increase soil organic matter content and fertilize the soil of navel orange garden. The test results showed that the content of available nitrogen in the navel orange gardens of Yudu County was 18.26~226.49mg/kg, with an average content of 61.96 mg/kg, and the maximum value was 226.49mg/kg. The bamboo in Luojiang K; the minimum was 18.26mg. / kg, in the Hangshan River (see Table 2), the navel oranges with an effective nitrogen of less than 100 mg/kg accounted for 83.3%, indicating that the soil nitrogen in the region is generally seriously deficient, and nitrogen is one of the most important elements affecting the growth and development of navel oranges. Insufficient supply of nitrogen from the soil is the main factor causing the unfavorable yield and quality of navel orange. Therefore, the application of nitrogen fertilizer should be increased in each navel orange orchard in the area to increase the nitrogen supply capacity of the soil. The test results showed that the available phosphorus content in the navel orange gardens of various townships in Yudu County was 0.53~153.73mg/kg, with an average of 29.47mg/kg, and the navel orange gardens in the extremely scarce and overabundance ranges accounted for 23.3% and 10% respectively (see table 2) It can be seen that the available phosphorus content in this area varies greatly. Lack of or excess of elements is detrimental to the growth and development of crops. This extremely scarce and excessive phosphorus status will also adversely affect the absorption and utilization of other elements and increase the antagonism between elements, thus inducing multiple elements. The lack of symptoms, for this reason, how to adjust the balance of phosphorus is a problem that needs to be solved in the cultivation and management of the navel orange orchard in Du County. The test results showed that the available potassium content in the navel orange gardens of various townships in Yudu County was 30.7 to 215.7 mg/kg, with an average of 107.20 mg/kg, the lowest was in Xiaoxi Township, and the highest was in Jinxi Village, Lingbei Town, where it was extremely rare and The over-range navel orange gardens accounted for 6.6% and 3.3%, respectively. The difference in available potassium content in this area is relatively small compared to available phosphorus. The effective potassium supply in the soil is balanced enough to produce not only high yields, large fruits, high soluble solids, citric acid and vitamin content, strong flavor, slag, storage and transportation, but also less pre-harvest fruit cracking, fruit cracking, and wrinkle skin fruit loss. However, excessive potassium may affect the absorption of calcium and magnesium, so it is necessary to adjust the balanced application of potassium. The test results showed that the contents of available Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn in the soils of various navel orange gardens in Yudu County ranged from 0.23 to 7.45 mg/kg, 1.09 to 28.85 mg/kg, 1.7 to 319.02 mg/kg, and 1.7~, respectively. The average value of 261.07 mg/kg was 2.15 mg/kg, 10.22 mg/kg, 117.23 mg/kg, and 51.86 mg/kg respectively. The effective contents of 4 metal elements were all within the excess range, and the proportion of orchards occupied was large. The average value is more than 2 times the appropriate amount, especially the effective iron average value is more than 5 times higher than the appropriate value, indicating that the content of available copper, zinc, iron, and manganese in the soil is very high. "Rare Earth Kingdom" caused by the relevant. Although the demand of navel oranges for copper, zinc, iron, manganese and other metal ions is very small, one deficiency or excess will affect the decomposition, release, absorption, and migration of other nutrients in the soil. Some orchards produce nitrogen and phosphorus. Potassium and some medium-quantity elements are not too much, but the tree vigor is not great, and the yield is not going up. The leaf yellowing still exists. The reason may be that some nutrients produce "antagonism" It is fixed in the soil. Therefore, scientific methods should be adopted to adjust the effective copper, zinc, iron and manganese in the soil to the appropriate range. The test results showed that the available calcium content in the soil of navel orange gardens in various townships of Yudu County ranged from 194.48 to 2359.52 mg/kg, with an average of 734.04 mg/kg, accounting for 26.7% of available calcium levels ≥1000 mg/kg, accounting for excess. 3.3%, 23.3% were in the deficient range and 46.7% were extremely deficient. The above shows that the low effective calcium content in the Yudu County area is very common, and calcium is the middle element needed for citrus growth. On the basis of using lime to adjust the soil pH, combined with topdressing fertilizers containing water-soluble calcium (such as calcium nitrate produced by Norway Hydro) to increase the content of available calcium in the soil. The test results showed that the content of available magnesium in the soils of the navel orange gardens of Yudu County was between 15.38 and 168.49 mg/kg, with an average of 58.86 mg/kg, and the effective magnesium content was ≥150, accounting for 6.7%. There was no excess and was in short supply. 43.3% of the range, 50% of the very scarcity range, it can be seen that the content of available magnesium in the navel orange garden soil in this area is seriously low. Magnesium is a constituent element of chlorophyll. In the field of navel orange gardens in autumn, the leaves of spring shoots appear chlorotic and chlorotic, and only the leaf base presents a “∧†type green color. It is still a typical symptom of magnesium deficiency, and magnesium deficiency causes leaf yellowing. As a result, photosynthesis is weakened, which ultimately affects the production of tree vigor and the quality of fruit. Therefore, the supplement of strengthening magnesium fertilizer can not be ignored. The test results showed that the content of available boron in the soil of the navel orange garden in each township of Yudu County ranged from 0.04 to 0.67 mg/kg, with an average of 0.17 mg/kg, accounting for only 6.7% of ≥0.5 mg/kg. No excess was found. 63.3% were in the lack of scope, and 30% in the very scarce scope. It can be seen that the soil containing available boron in the navel orange orchard of Du County is seriously low, and the leaf veins are seen in the field during normal production. The leaf veins are tethered and uplifted, the leaves are reeled yellow, and the whole leaf yellows when severe (only the main veins on both sides are green The phenomenon of field rupture after corkation is a symptom of severe boron deficiency. In the absence of boron, the phenomenon of poor flower bud quality, low fruit setting rate, heavy physiological fruit drop, malformed fruit, and stagnant fruit often occurs, which has a great influence on the quality of navel oranges and the fruit rate. In the 3 years since the introduction of boron fertilizer in Yudu County in 2007, the effective boron content in the soil has increased. However, compared with the standard for the growth and development of navel orange, it still has a large difference. Therefore, we must continue to pay attention to the application of boron fertilizer. Learn more about technical parameters, price quotes, and other information for agricultural test record instruments such as soil moisture testers and temperature and humidity recorders. Mini Plastic Parts Making Machines
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1 Materials and Methods
1.1 Soil sample collection In July 2008, a soil sample collection working group was organized to go to Gongjiang, Luojing, Luojiang, Lulushan, Xiaoxi, Li Village, Xinyi, Fufeng, Lushan, Huanglin, Kanda, Duanwu, Chexi, Yinkeng, Xianxia, ​​Lingbei, Tieshan, Jingshi, and other 18 towns and townships, selected a representative 30 navel orange orchards, according to the quincunx 5-point sampling method, each orchard Collect 3 soil samples with 0~35cm plough layers, then uniformly mix them into 1 sample, take 1kg of soil samples, paste the labels, and send Tops Instrument Testing Center to use the soil nutrient fastness tester to measure the nutrient content of the collected soil samples. .
1.2 Samples After the samples are collected, they are sent to the Chinese Citrus Research Institute for analysis and determination by the Ganzhou Fruit Industry Bureau. The results of the determination are shown in Attached Table 2. 
1.3 The citrus grading standards for citrus groves are shown in Table 1:
2 Results and Analysis
2.1 Soil pH 
2.2 Soil Organic Matter 
2.3 Soil Available Nitrogen Content
2.4 Available Phosphorus in Soil
2.5 Soil Available Potassium Content
2.6 The content of available copper, zinc, iron and manganese in soil
2.7 Soil Effective Calcium Content
2.8 Effective magnesium content in soil
2.9 Effective Boron Content in Soil
3 Summary and discussion From the analysis of test results, the soil pH value of 40% navel orange orchard in Yudu County is in a suitable range; 60% navel orange garden pH value is lower than 4.8, in the acid range; 90% of the organic content in the navel orange orchard is in the low range. 83.3% of the effective nitrogen content in the navel orange garden was in the low range; the effective phosphorus content in the navel orange garden was in the low range in 53.3%; the effective potassium content in the navel orange garden was in the suitable range in 50%; the effective copper content in the navel orange garden was 66.7%. Quantitative range; 63.3% of the effective zinc content in the navel orange garden soil is in the excess range; 96.7% of the effective iron content in the navel orange garden soil is in the excess range; 53.3% of the effective manganese content in the navel orange garden soil is in the excess range; 70% of the navel orange orchard The effective calcium content in soil belongs to the low range; the effective magnesium content in 93.3% of the navel orange garden soil is in the low range; the effective boron content in the 93.3% navel orange garden soil is in the low range. Judging from soil test results in 30 orchards in Yudu County, 12 test indicators, except for most of the orchard soil excess of effective copper, available zinc, available iron, and effective manganese, were pH values, organic matter, available nitrogen, Most of the orchards of available phosphorus, available potassium, available calcium, available magnesium, and available boron were low, especially the ratio of soil available magnesium and effective boron was the lowest, all being 93.3%. Magnesium> Effective boron> Organic matter> Available nitrogen> Available calcium> PH value> Available phosphorus> Available potassium. The orchard with an organic matter content was only 3.3%, the effective nitrogen excess was 3.3%, the effective phosphorus excess was 10%, the effective potassium excess was 3.3%, the effective calcium excess was 3.3%, and the effective magnesium was Effective boron does not have an excessive amount of Park. From the above, it can be seen that the soil fertility of the navel orange garden in the Yudu County area is very low, and most of the navel orange orchards are under-fertilized, and there is very little over-application. Increasing the use of fertilizers should cause the orchard business owners to pay attention.
Yudu County Navel Orange Garden is built in the low hilly areas, the soil is the red soil of the Quaternary, characterized by "thin, acid, sticky, board, and drought". The weather is hot and rainy, and the weathering leaching is strong. Based on the test results and the requirements for navel oranges, in soil management, the first step is to combine deep-turning soils and increase organic fertilizer and lime every winter. 667m2 (50 plants, the same applies below) to apply straw, husk or crops 1000 ~ 1500 kg straw and 75 ~ 100 kg slaked lime, improve organic matter content and neutralize soil acidity, gradually improve soil physical and chemical properties, activate microorganisms, enhance soil water storage, fertilizer conservation, fertilizer supply capacity; second is to increase nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer Use, each year 667m2 Shi pure N 18.4 kg, pure P2O513.6 kg pure K2O 17.2 kg, to meet the navel orange growth results for a large number of elements required; Third, pay attention to the application of medium-quantity elements, calcium, magnesium, sulfur is the navel orange growth results required The medium-quantity element applies 667m2 of water-soluble calcium 2.5kg and magnesium oxide 500g per year. Sulfur can be supplemented by potassium sulfate compound fertilizer. For example, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, calcium nitrate fertilizer, and magnesium sulfate fertilizer can effectively supplement calcium in the soil. Magnesium and sulfur; Fourth, pay attention to the balance of soil trace element content. According to the test results, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, etc. are all over-expressed in the soil, while boron is extremely absent, and navel orange is in the flower. The amount of boron required for fruit expansion and flower bud differentiation is large, so when the trace elements are applied, the excess of copper, zinc, iron, and manganese in the soil may not be considered, while the boron fertilizer must be applied in a balanced manner. The soil in winter and spring is 667m2 per year. Pure boron 750g; in the Xiehua period, the stable fruit period and the initial stage of flower bud differentiation, it is necessary to spray the leaves with 0.2% high-quality boron fertilizer once. In short, in the navel orange production fertilization, in order to avoid blindness, we should take soil test results and leaf nutrient diagnosis as the basis, combine field symptoms, scientific and rational fertilization, balance soil nutrients, promote soil effective fertilizer, ensure high yield and quality in successive years.
