Magnesium properties

First, the discovery of magnesium

(1) 1808 British chemist David (H.Davy) a mixture of magnesium oxide and mercury electrolytic magnesium amalgam obtained was first obtained metallic magnesium.

(2) In 1828, the French scientist Abbésy (AABBussy) used potassium to reduce molten magnesium chloride to obtain magnesium metal.

(3) In 1833, British scientist M Faraday made magnesium metal by electrolytic melting of magnesium chloride, but at that time magnesium was still a laboratory treasure.

(4) In 1886, the latter method was used to carry out industrial production of magnesium.

(5) China began to produce magnesium on an industrial scale by molten salt electrolysis in the 1950s.

Second, the nature of magnesium

A. Physical properties

Magnesium is a silvery white metal with a density of 1.738 g/cm3 and a melting point of 648.9 °C. The boiling point is 1090 ° C. The valence of +2, ionization energy of 7.646 eV, is one of the light metals, has ductility, metal magnesium is non-magnetic, and has good heat dissipation.

B. Chemical properties

Magnesium has a relatively strong reducing properties can be reacted with water, hydrogen evolution, to produce combustion blinding white light, and magnesium fluoride, hydrofluoric acid and chromic acid does not act, but also from the caustic attack, but easy Dissolved in organic and inorganic acids, magnesium can be directly combined with nitrogen, sulfur and halogens. Organic chemicals including hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols, phenols, amines, fats and most oils are only slightly or fundamentally Does not work. Magnesium can react with carbon dioxide, so magnesium burning cannot be extinguished with a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher.

Third, magnesium resources

Magnesium is one of the 10 commonly used non-ferrous metals. Its rich content is 2.1%-2.7% in the earth's crust. It ranks sixth among all elements and ranks fourth only after aluminum , iron and calcium. metal element. Mainly from seawater, natural salt lake water, dolomite , magnesite , brucite and olivine. It is estimated that the world's magnesite resources are about 12 billion tons, brucites are several million tons, and the magnesium content in seawater is estimated to be 6 × 10 (16 powers) tons, in addition to a large number of dolomites and salt lakes. Magnesium resources.

China is one of the most abundant countries in the world. Magnesium resources have a wide range of ore types and a wide distribution. The total reserves account for 22.5% of the world's total, ranking first in the world: magnesite reserves rank first in the world, and proven magnesite reserves have been discovered. 3.4 billion tons, accounting for 28.3% of the world's total reserves of magnesite; the original magnesium production ranks first in the world, accounting for more than 70% of the world's total output. China's magnesium-rich dolomite is rich, and dolomite resources are spread all over the provinces and regions of China, especially in Shanxi, Ningxia, Henan, Jilin, Qinghai, Guizhou and other provinces. The proven reserves are more than 4 billion tons; the magnesium salts of the four major salt lakes in China The prospective reserves of mineral resources amount to billions of tons. Among them, 33 brine lakes, semi-dry salt lakes and dry salt lakes in the Qaidam Basin contain the reserves of magnesium salt resources, which are the first in the country. The magnesium alloy reached 0.13%.

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