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Toxicity and danger of nickel carbonyl
And toxic nickel carbonyl nickel powder is the main obstacle to industrial production. During the construction of the 500t/a nickel carbonyl test line in some companies, there have been several poisoning incidents. The workers after the poisoning cannot fully recover, which makes the frontline workers unwilling to work here. Later, as soon as a little accident occurred, the production line was completely shut down immediately, which was the main reason for the abnormality of the pilot production line. Therefore, it is very important to carry out research on the toxicity of nickel carbonyl and the safety protection of industrial production.
The literature points out that toxicity refers to the ability of a substance to produce harmful effects in the human body, depending on the biochemical properties of the substance, the route into the body, and its dosage. Understanding the toxicity of industrial substances is to determine the protective measures in industrial production, to protect workers and to safe production.
1. Toxicity of nickel carbonyl and nickel powder
(1) Toxicity and danger of nickel carbonyl
Nickel carbonyl is the most toxic in nickel compounds, and acute inhalation of nickel carbonyl vapor can cause human poisoning. The government has stipulated that the maximum allowable concentration of nickel carbonyl vapor in the air of the workshop is 0.01×10 -6 . Fatigue, nausea, dizziness, and headache are all direct symptoms. When acute inhalers leave the site to receive fresh air, these symptoms disappear in about half of the patients. After 12 to 36 hours, the symptoms of ulnar extension occurred. Nickel carbonyl vapor inhalers should be treated promptly by a full-time doctor. Nickel carbonyl is a liquid at normal temperature, it is extremely volatile, and it is easy to burn and explode when exposed to air and vibration. In industrial production, it is necessary to strictly guard against the biochemical characteristics of the base.
(2) Toxicity of nickel
People usually take 300-600 μg of nickel per day. In general, the total amount of nickel contained in human body (human volumetric load) is less than 10 mg, but it varies from region to region. Most of the nickel ingested by humans is excreted in the feces, a small amount is absorbed, and can be excreted in urine, bile and sweat. In animal testing, inhalation or injection of a small amount of nickel-containing substances (including nickel dust, nickel sulphide, nickel oxide, nickel-based nickel and dicyclopentadienyl nickel) can cause cancer. Epidemiological studies of nickel smelters and refineries have shown an increase in lung cancer and nasal cancer among workers, and this increase is clearly associated with nickel sulphide and nickel oxide.
Second, the main points of safety protection in industrial production
(1) Safety training. Only through the professional safety training of nickel carbonyl, personnel with higher cultural quality can engage in the production of nickel carbonyl and eliminate any operational errors.
(2) Equipment, pipelines and valves must be sealed and free of leaks.
(3) Strengthen ventilation and appropriately increase the number of indoor air changes.
(4) Try to use long-distance operation to achieve automatic production and distance protection.
(5) Equipped with accident handling emergency facilities, such as compressed air pipes and air supply respirators, and isolated gas masks. Compressed air for accident handling should be taken from fresh air away from the scene.