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Arduino Pro Mini: Pinout, Datasheet, Features, IDE and Simulation
Despite its compact size, the Arduino Pro Mini is a powerful and versatile microcontroller board that offers a rich set of features for embedded and electronic projects. With 14 digital input/output pins, including 6 PWM-capable outputs and 6 analog inputs, it's well-suited for a wide range of applications. The board supports I2C, SPI, and UART communication protocols, enabling seamless integration with other devices. Unlike the Arduino Nano (A000005), it lacks an onboard USB-to-serial converter, which helps reduce its size. Therefore, an external USB-to-serial adapter is required for programming the board.
In this article, we will explore the basics of the Arduino Pro Mini, including its introduction, history, datasheet, specifications, main features, pinouts, IDE, and applications. By the end of this article, you'll be able to create a simple simulation using the Arduino IDE and the Arduino Pro Mini microcontroller. Let’s get started.
### Arduino Pro Mini Introduction
- Arduino Pro Mini is a compact, small, but powerful microcontroller board developed by Arduino.cc.
- It was introduced for space-constrained and cost-effective projects, using the ATmega328P microcontroller as its core.
- Out of 16 digital IO pins, 6 are PWM outputs, making it ideal for speed-controlled projects.
- The 8 analog pins are used for connecting sensors that require continuous output values.
- The Arduino Pro Mini is six times smaller than the Arduino UNO but has the same processing power.
- It has two basic types, details of which will be discussed in the next section.
- The Arduino Pro Mini is called an application-type microcontroller because the USB-to-serial port is removed from the board to save space.
- Programming the Arduino Mini is similar to other boards, using the Arduino IDE for coding.
- Pin 13 has a small LED on the board and also has a RESET button for user convenience.
### Arduino Pro Mini History
Arduino Pro Mini was introduced in 2005 as part of the Arduino platform to meet the needs of developers and engineers requiring a compact and powerful microcontroller at a low price. The founder of Sparkfun Electronics, Nathan Seidle, recognized the need for a smaller and more efficient board. The main reason for its introduction was to address the needs of projects where power consumption, size, and simplicity were key considerations. The designers added the ATmega328P microcontroller as its heart and omitted the onboard USB-to-serial adaptor to provide a small and cost-efficient board. Initially, it was considered the smaller version of the standard Arduino UNO.
In the late 2000s, the Arduino family gained popularity among hobbyists, engineers, and programmers. As the community grew, different users demanded smaller and more popular boards. By the end of the decade, the Arduino Pro Mini became equally famous among students, learners, teachers, and professionals, with main applications found in DIY projects, the Internet of Things (IoT), and wearable devices.
In 2010, two options for the Arduino Pro Mini were introduced: 5V version running at 16 MHz and 3.3V version at 8 MHz. These variants cater to different voltage and power requirements, fitting into projects with various windows to target almost all types of users.
### Arduino Pro Mini Datasheet
The powerhouse of the Arduino Pro Mini is the ATmega328P microcontroller, an 8-bit AVR processor that runs on very low power and has RISC architecture. Understanding the features and specifications of the ATmega328P microcontroller is essential to understanding the specification of the Arduino Pro Mini. For more details, visit the following link:
[Arduino Pro Mini Datasheet](#)
### Arduino Pro Mini Specifications
The Arduino Pro Mini stands out as a minimalist yet powerful microcontroller. Despite its compact size, it comes with all the core functionalities expected from an Arduino board. Let's check all its features in detail starting from the built-in memory.
#### Arduino Pro Mini Memory
There are three types of memory in electronic devices, and to enhance the versatility of this board, the designers have used three types of memory in the Arduino Pro Mini:
1. Flash memory
2. SRAM
3. EEPROM
The details of each, along with their definitions, are as follows:
- Flash memory is non-volatile memory, meaning it retains data even when the power is off. The Arduino Pro Mini uses it to store programming codes called sketches and utilizes them while working. It has 32KB of flash memory, of which 0.5KB is used for the bootloader code.
- Static random-access memory (SRAM) is volatile memory that loses all data when the power is removed. It is temporary storage in the microcontroller that stores temporary variables and other such data while the code is running. In the Arduino Pro Mini, the SRAM is limited to 2KB, and it is crucial to utilize this memory effectively for running the program.
- EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile memory that allows data to be erased or written through electrical signals. It enables data to be written, modified, or removed during the microcontroller functions. The total size of the Arduino Pro Mini’s EEPROM is 1KB.
Here is the table of the memory specifications of this microcontroller:
| Memory Type | Capacity |
|-------------|----------|
| Flash Memory | 32 KB (with 2 KB used by bootloader) |
| SRAM | 2 KB |
| EEPROM | 1 KB |
#### Arduino Pro Mini Power Consumption
Both versions of the Arduino Pro Mini run on very low power, making it an ideal choice for battery-powered projects, especially where power consumption is critical. It is designed to enter sleep mode to conserve energy when not running resource-intensive tasks for extended periods.
#### Arduino Pro Mini Programming Modes
Unlike other members of the Arduino family, the Arduino Pro Mini lacks an onboard USB-to-serial converter; therefore, an external FTDI or CP2102 adapter is required. This approach makes it different from other boards and reduces the need for more space and power but is considered an extra step when programming using this board.
Another programming mode for the Arduino Pro Mini is ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming), which requires a hardware programmer. It consists of the following pins:
- MISO
- MOSI
- SCK
- RST
- VCC
- GND
This is used when the user does not want to use the aforementioned process.
#### Arduino Pro Mini Physical Dimensions
The most highlighted feature of the Arduino Pro Mini is its small size. Unlike other Arduino boards, it measures 18 mm x 33 mm, making it a perfect choice for wearables and other devices with space constraints as the main feature.
#### Arduino Pro Mini Additional Features
In the Arduino family, the basic features of the boards are almost the same, but they differ in some additional features. Below is a list and description of some important features:
- The Arduino Pro Mini has a physical reset button, which is absent in many other Arduino boards. This helps users to reset the entire code manually with just one button.
- This board comes with the availability of the raw mode, which is an alternative approach to the external USB-to-serial converter for direct communication with the microcontroller.
- It has an onboard power LED that indicates the power supply when the board is connected to any source.
- The digital pin 13 of the Arduino Pro Mini is considered the status LED and verifies the proper running or debugging of the board.
As mentioned earlier, the Arduino Pro Mini comes in two variants: one operating on 5V and the other on 3.3V. The details of both versions with respect to their similarities and differences are discussed in the table below:
| Specification | 5V Version | 3.3V Version |
|---------------|------------|--------------|
| Operating Voltage | 5.0V | 3.3V |
| Microcontroller | ATmega328P | ATmega328P |
| Clock Speed (Crystal Oscillator) | 16 MHz | 8 MHz |
| Voltage Regulator | KB33 | KB50 |
| Flash Memory | 32KB (with 2KB used by bootloader) | 32KB (with 2KB used by bootloader) |
| SRAM | 2KB | 2KB |
| EEPROM | 1KB | 1KB |
| Digital I/O Pins | 14 (6 pins capable of PWM output) | 14 (6 pins capable of PWM output) |
| Analog Input Pins | 6 | 6 |
| PWM Output Pins | 6 | 6 |
| Communication Protocols | I2C, SPI, UART | I2C, SPI, UART |
| Power Supply Options | External via RAW pin (5V-12V input) or VCC | External via RAW pin (3.3V-12V input) or VCC |
| Programming | Via external USB-to-serial adapter (FTDI/CP2102) | Via external USB-to-serial adapter (FTDI/CP2102) |
| Max Current (I/O pins) | 40 mA per I/O pin | 40 mA per I/O pin |
| Power Consumption | Higher due to 16 MHz clock speed | Lower due to 8 MHz clock speed |
| Dimensions | 18 x 33 mm | 18 x 33 mm |
| Reset Button | Yes | Yes |
### Arduino Pro Mini Key Aspects
Here is the detail of the broader characteristics and qualities of the Arduino Pro Mini to focus on its usability and advantages:
#### Arduino Pro Mini Low Power Consumption
The compact design of the board not only reduces its size but also the need for power. It has three power-consuming modes:
1. Active mode: When the board is running
2. Idle mode: Using delay() or similar
3. Sleep mode: Using power-saving techniques
Both variants of the Arduino Pro Mini consume different amounts of power, and the table shows the details:
| Operating Mode | Arduino Pro Mini (5V, 16 MHz) | Arduino Pro Mini (3.3V, 8 MHz) |
|----------------|-------------------------------|--------------------------------|
| Active Mode (Running) | 15-20 mA | 4-5 mA |
| Idle Mode (Using delay()) | 10-12 mA | 2-3 mA |
| Sleep Mode | 0.7-1 mA | 0.3-0.5 mA |
| Deep Sleep Mode | 50-100 µA | 50-100 µA |
| Voltage Regulator Consumption | ~1 mA | ~1 mA |
#### Arduino Pro Mini Pre-Soldered Headers
Unlike other Arduino boards, the Arduino Pro Mini does not come with pre-solder headers and provides the freedom of the user to connect and customize the board according to the project's needs. The three most common options for the board connection are:
- Straight header
- Angled header
- Connecting wires
#### Arduino Pro Mini Communication Protocols
The Arduino Pro Mini has three communication protocols:
- **UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter)**: Used for communication with other devices such as computer modules or any other.
- **SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)**: Useful for high-speed communication with peripheral devices such as sensors.
- **I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit)**: Preferred when multiple device communication is required on a single bus.
The table elaborates these protocols, pin numbers, and speed with respect to the Arduino Pro Mini:
| Protocol | Pin Name | Pin Number | Speed |
|----------|----------|------------|-------|
| UART | RXD, TXD | 0, 1 | 9600 bps |
| SPI | MOSI, MISO, SCK, SS | 11, 12, 13, 10 | 10 Mbps |
| I2C | SDA, SCL | 4, 5 | 400 kbps |
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