Lead and zinc industrial pollutant discharge standards

First, the general

(A) To implement the "Environmental Protection Law of People's Republic of China" and other laws and regulations, prevent and control environmental pollution, protect human health and ecological security, promote the progress of the production process and pollution control technology lead zinc smelting industry, the development of this technology policy.

(2) This technical policy is a guiding document for the relevant units to refer to in the construction, construction, design, construction, production and scientific research of existing enterprises; this technical policy applies to the lead and zinc smelting industry, including primary ore of lead and zinc smelting industry and as raw material to scrap metal recycling industry as the raw material of lead and zinc.

(3) The lead and zinc smelting industry should increase the intensity of industrial restructuring and product optimization and upgrading, rationally plan the industrial layout, further increase the industrial concentration and scale, accelerate the elimination of low-level backward production capacity, and implement capacity equalization or reduction. .

(4) Strictly restrict new (reform and expansion) in environmentally sensitive areas such as water source protection areas, basic farmland areas, vegetable bases, nature reserves, important ecological function areas, important breeding bases, urban densely populated areas, and their protected areas. Construction of lead and zinc smelting and recycling projects; if there are existing enterprises in the region, the plan should be adjusted in time to promote its management, conversion or removal.

(5) New or expanded projects in the lead and zinc smelting industry should give priority to the use of primary standards or more advanced clean production processes. The production process of the reconstructed projects should not be lower than the secondary clean production standards. The discharge pollutants of enterprises should be stable and up to standard. The amount of heavy metals such as lead, arsenic and cadmium in waste gas and waste water discharged by enterprises in key areas should be significantly reduced. By 2015, the comprehensive utilization (or harmless disposal) rate of solid waste should reach 100%. .

(6) The prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in lead and zinc smelting industry should adhere to the principle of “reduction, resource and harmlessness”, and implement clean production as the core, focus on emission reduction of heavy metal pollutants, and feasible and effective pollution. The prevention and control technology is a comprehensive prevention and control technology route that is supported and protected by risk prevention.

(7) Encourage enterprises to adopt measures such as lead-zinc joint smelting, supporting comprehensive recycling, and product-related extension in accordance with the requirements of circular economy and eco-industry to improve resource utilization and reduce waste generation.

(8) Dismantling of waste lead-acid batteries shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Policy on Prevention and Control of Waste Battery Pollution.

(9) Effective measures should be taken to effectively prevent environmental and health risks in the production process of lead and zinc smelting enterprises. For new (reformed, expanded) enterprises and existing enterprises, the protection distance should be scientifically set according to the natural conditions of the location of the enterprise and the orientation of the environmentally sensitive area.

Second, clean production

(A) In order to prevent environmental risks, for each batch of mineral raw materials shall be full component analysis, strictly control the content of harmful elements mercury, arsenic, cadmium, thallium, beryllium and other raw materials. Smelters with mercury-free recovery units should not use raw materials with a mercury content greater than 0.01%. When the waste residue containing mercury is used as a lead-zinc smelting ingredient, mercury should be recovered first, followed by lead-zinc smelting.

(2) In the process of transportation, storage and preparation of mineral raw materials, measures such as sealing shall be adopted to prevent material from spreading. Raw materials, intermediate products and finished products should not be stacked in the open air.

(3) Encourage the use of lead short process oxygen-rich smelting process that meets the first and second-level clean production standards, and eliminate lead and zinc smelting processes and equipment that do not meet the clean production standards within 3-5 years.

(4) The recovery rates of elements such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, antimony, antimony and sulfur in the various processes of lead and zinc smelting shall be improved to minimize emissions.

(5) Lead and lead-containing components shall have ingredients and reuse marks; waste lead products and materials containing harmful elements such as lead, zinc, arsenic, mercury, cadmium and antimony shall be recovered on site and managed as solid waste. The relevant regulations are identified and processed.

(F) should wet process, of lead, zinc anode slime produced by electrolysis processes, recovery of gold, silver, antimony, bismuth, lead, copper and other metals, and the residue solid waste management requirements should be properly handled.

(7) The use of scrap metal for regenerative lead and zinc smelting shall control the content of chlorine in the raw materials. The flue gas shall be cleaned by rapid cooling, activated carbon adsorption, bag dusting, etc., to strictly control the production and emission of dioxins.

Third, air pollution prevention

(1) Flue gas smelted by lead and zinc shall be collected and treated under negative pressure conditions. For the discharge points that cannot be completely sealed, the gas collection device is used to strictly control the unorganized emission of the exhaust gas. According to meteorological conditions, measures such as watering in key areas are used to prevent dust pollution.

(2) Encourage the use of bag filter and other high-efficiency dust collectors of new fabric materials such as microporous membrane composite filter materials to treat flue gas containing heavy metal particles such as lead and zinc.

(3) The sulfur dioxide in the smelting flue gas should be recycled to produce sulfuric acid or other products. Encourage the use of adiabatic evaporation of dilute acid purification, double contact method and other acid-making techniques. The acid tail gas should be discharged after the purification measures such as acid mist are adopted.

(D) to encourage the use of advanced and efficient recovery of mercury from the flue gas and the chloride, iodide, mercury removal method, mercury-containing flue gas treatment technology.

(5) When lead electrolysis and wet zinc smelting, the acid mist of the electrolysis cell should be collected and purified; the zinc leaching tank and the purification tank should be equipped with exhaust gas collection, gas-liquid separation or defogging device.

(6) For the process of distributing harmful gases to human health, measures such as suppression, organized collection and purification shall be taken to improve the ambient air quality in the operation area and the plant area.

4. Solid waste disposal and comprehensive utilization

(1) Solid waste management and hazardous waste identification work shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations. If the lead and zinc smelting waste that cannot be reused is identified as hazardous waste, it should be stabilized and disposed of for safe landfill disposal. The slag yard shall adopt anti-seepage and decontamination and diversion measures, and establish an anti-seepage sewage collection tank to prevent leachate from contaminating soil, surface water and groundwater.

(2) Encourage the production of building materials, products, and roadbed materials with harmless smelting water quenching slag as raw materials to reduce land occupation and improve the comprehensive utilization rate of waste resources.

(3) The slag, yellow slag, lead oxide slag and lead regenerated slag produced in the lead smelting process should be recovered by oxygen-rich smelting or beneficiation methods to recover metals such as lead, zinc, copper and antimony.

(4) The wet smelting zinc leaching slag should be recycled by using an oxygen-rich smelting and smelting furnace to recover zinc, lead, copper and other metals, or by direct lead smelting process. The hot acid leaching residue should be sent to the lead smelting system or entrusted to a qualified unit to recover valuable metals such as lead and silver.

(5) The smoke (powder) dust collected in the smelting flue gas shall be sealed back to the smelting batching system in addition to mercury, arsenic and cadmium, or the wet metal may be directly extracted by wet method.

(6) Acid sludge containing heavy metals such as lead and arsenic produced by washing with dilute acid from flue gas shall recover valuable metals, and mercury containing sludge shall recover mercury in time. Non-recyclable wastes such as sewage sludge, collection tank sediment and wastewater treatment sludge in the production area shall be stored in a sealed manner and safely disposed of after stabilization and solidification.

V. Water pollution prevention

(1) The wastewater discharged from the lead and zinc smelting and recycling process should be recycled, and the water circulation rate should reach over 90%, and the production wastewater should be recycled.

(2) Production wastewater containing heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, nickel , chromium, etc. shall be treated or reused in the workshops or production facilities where they are produced in accordance with the provisions of national emission standards, and shall not contain different types. The heavy metal components or the wastewater with a large difference in concentration are mixed and diluted.

(3) The initial rainwater, ground flushing water, slag field leachate and domestic sewage in the production area shall be collected and treated, recycled or discharged.

(4) Production wastewater containing heavy metals may be treated by single or combined processes such as chemical precipitation, biological (agent), adsorption, electrochemical and membrane separation methods according to their water quality and treatment requirements.

(5) For workshops that store and use toxic substances and devices that are at risk of leakage, an anti-seepage accidental wastewater collection tank shall be provided; the initial rainwater collection tank shall adopt anti-seepage measures.

Sixth, encourage new technologies for research and development

Encourage research, development, and promotion of the following technologies:

(1) Environmentally friendly lead-rich oxygen flash smelting and short-flow continuous smelting new technology, direct reduction of liquid high-lead slag, etc.; direct zinc leaching and large-plate electrolysis industrialization technology; lead-zinc regeneration and comprehensive recovery New processes and equipment.

(2) High-efficiency collection device for flue gas, technology and equipment for deep removal of heavy metals such as lead, mercury and antimony in flue gas, and high-efficiency removal technology and equipment for small-diameter heavy metal soot.

(3) Wet flue gas acid production technology, new technology for low-concentration sulfur dioxide flue gas acid production and desulfurization recovery; technology and equipment for acid tail gas defogging, washing and acid purification and recycling.

(4) Technology for recovering valuable components such as lead, zinc, cadmium, mercury, arsenic and selenium from solid waste, using high-value-added product technology for solid waste, reducing iron slag and utilizing iron resources in wet zinc smelting, Zinc leaching smelting technology and equipment.

(5) Advanced treatment technologies for efficient removal of lead, zinc, cadmium, mercury, arsenic and other waste water, and complete sets of technologies and devices for efficient separation and reuse of membranes, organisms and electrolysis.

(6) Automatic control technology, new instruments and devices for the detection of lead and zinc smelting and pollutants with independent intellectual property rights and the whole process of pollutant discharge;

(7) Environmental remediation technologies for heavy metal-contaminated water bodies and soils, with emphasis on the discharge of wastewater from lead and zinc smelters, and the repair of water bodies and soils downstream of the slag yard.

7. Pollution prevention management and supervision

(1) In accordance with relevant laws and regulations and national and local emission standards, the company shall supervise and monitor the sewage discharge of enterprises, set up online monitoring devices and network with the monitoring system of the environmental protection department; regularly observe the environment of air, water and soil around the enterprise. Quality status is monitored to understand the impact of production on the environment and health.

(2) Enterprises should enhance their awareness of social responsibility, strengthen environmental risk management, formulate environmental risk management systems and emergency plans for heavy metal pollution accidents, and conduct regular drills.

(3) The enterprise shall ensure that the pollution control facilities and production facilities of lead and zinc smelting are simultaneously constructed and operated normally. When an emergency or malfunction occurs and the heavy metal pollution control facility is shut down, remedial measures should be taken immediately according to the emergency plan.

(4) Clean production should be carried out in accordance with relevant regulations, improve the technical level of pollution prevention and control, and ensure environmental safety.

(5) After the enterprise is relocated or closed, when it is proposed to redevelop and utilize the site, it shall conduct risk assessment according to the purpose and take relevant measures as required.

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