The rated technical data of the transformer is the long-term reliable operation of the transformer during operation, and has the technical limitation of good working performance. It is also the basis for manufacturers to design, manufacture and test transformers. The rated technical data of the transformer is marked on the nameplate and mainly includes the following contents. 1, rated capacity SN The rated capacity is the output capability that ensures long-term operation when used under rated conditions. For a single-phase transformer is the product of rated current and rated voltage. For three-phase transformers is the sum of the three-phase capacity. Units are generally expressed in KVA or MVA. 2, rated voltage UN The rated voltage is the voltage of the rated tap on the no-load transformer specified by the manufacturer, and it can ensure long-term safe and reliable operation at this voltage. The unit is expressed in volts (V) or kilovolts (KV). When the transformer is unloaded, the rated voltage is U1N at the rated tap at the primary side, and the rated voltage at the secondary is U2N at the secondary. For the three-phase transformer, the rated voltage on the nameplate is not specified. Refers to line voltage, while single-phase transformer refers to phase voltage. 3, rated current IN The rated current on each side of the transformer is the value of the line current calculated by dividing the rated capacity of the corresponding side by the rated voltage of the corresponding winding. The unit is expressed in ampere (A) or kiloamperes (KA). 4, no-load loss (also called iron loss), P0 No-load loss is the power loss at no load and is expressed in watts (W) or kilowatts (KW). 5, no-load current, I0 The no-load current is the percentage of the rated current that the excitation current of the transformer is unloaded. 6, short-circuit voltage (impedance voltage percentage), UK The short-circuit voltage refers to the short circuit of the secondary winding of the transformer, the voltage applied to the primary winding, and the percentage of the rated voltage applied by the primary winding when the secondary winding passes the rated current. The percentage of the short-circuit voltage is equal to the transformer's impedance percentage, indicating the size of the transformer's internal impedance. 7, short circuit loss, PK The short-circuit loss refers to the power consumed by the transformer winding conductor when the secondary winding of the transformer is short-circuited and the current of the primary winding is the rated current. Units are expressed in watts (W) or kilowatts (KW). 8, connection groups The set of letters and the clock ordinal are used to represent the phase shift relationship between the transformer low voltage winding and the high voltage winding and the connection of the transformer primary and secondary windings. The phase shift of the different voltage windings of the transformer, that is, the wiring group group, is generally represented by the clock ordinal. Because the phase difference between the line voltages corresponding to the high and low voltage windings is always an integral multiple of 30°, this is exactly the same angle as the hours on the clock. The method is to use the primary side voltage phasor as the long needle of the clock and fix it on the 12 o'clock of the clock. The secondary side corresponds to the line voltage phasor as the short needle of the clock, see the position of the short needle at the time of the clock. This hour is used as the group of the wiring group. For example: If the secondary side line voltage is in phase with the primary side line voltage, the short pin should also be at the 12 o'clock position, and the group of the connection group is defined as 12. If the secondary side line voltage leads the primary side line voltage by 30°, the short pin should be at the 11 o'clock position, and the group of the connection group should be set to 11. 9, rated frequency, f China's standard industrial frequency is 50Hz, so the power transformer frequency is 50Hz. 10, rated temperature rise The difference between the temperature of the winding or upper oil in the transformer and the temperature of the air surrounding the transformer (ambient temperature) is called the temperature rise of the winding or the upper oil. The temperature rise limit of the transformer is indicated on the nameplate of each transformer. According to China's standards, the temperature rise limit of windings is 65°C, the upper limit of oil temperature rise is 55°C, and the maximum temperature around the transformer is 40°C. Therefore, when the transformer is operating normally, the maximum temperature of the upper layer oil should not exceed 95°C. 11, rated cooling medium temperature For air-cooled transformers, the rated cooling medium temperature refers to the maximum temperature of the air in the surrounding environment when the transformer is operating. It should not exceed 40°C to ensure that the temperature of the windings and oil does not exceed the allowable rating when the transformer is carrying the rated load. value. Therefore, there are environmental temperature regulations on the nameplate.
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