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Measures and ways to accelerate the construction of iron ore mines
The current world steel demand will soon exceed 800 million tons, and China will continue to accelerate industrialization in the 21st century, especially in the western part of China. In the development of the western region, the development of all walks of life will put forward new and higher requirements for the quality and quantity of steel. To be sure, from a long-term perspective, China's demand for steel still has a lot of room for growth. China's current annual steel production demand will reach 140 million tons or more. According to the annual import of 50-60 million tons of rich ore, there is still a shortage of ore (poor ore) of 80-90 million tons. Although China has proven iron ore reserves of 51.541 billion tons total, but the industrial reserves of only 22.582 billion tons. Calculated according to the per capita possession of iron ore reserves, China's per capita possession is 31.8 tons, lower than the United States, Russia and other countries. Therefore, China is a country with relatively insufficient iron ore resources. From the perspective of the development of the steel industry, the iron ore gap is getting bigger and bigger, and the imbalance between ore and smelting is getting worse. Although China has built more than 140 key iron ore mines, steel production for the completion of our country has made great contributions, but in recent years, a significant reduction in metallurgical mining investment, the new iron ore mines are few, long-term failure of many mines Timely production and efficiency. In addition, there are many difficulties in mine production. The local mine foundation is unstable, the implementation of policies is weak, and some of the benefits are not good, which directly affects the enthusiasm of mining.
The shortage of iron ore and the lack of stamina are not only due to the small number of new iron ore mines, but also the poor output of iron mines. The construction period is too long. According to statistics, the average construction period of large-scale underground iron mines in China is 4.7 times that of foreign countries, and the open-pit mines are 3.8 times that of foreign countries. Although some mines have been built, they have not been able to reach production for a long time, which has not only disrupted the specific conditions of the country, localities and enterprises. Planning, and seriously dragged down the production and development of the steel industry. At the same time, the long construction period has brought a series of economic problems, the investment has increased a lot, and the burden of mine repayment has increased. The long construction period of the mine has become a serious obstacle to the development of China's iron ore industry. Therefore, it is an important issue for the development of the steel industry to conscientiously summarize the experience and lessons of iron ore construction, speed up the construction of mines, and achieve early production and efficiency.
1 Iron mine construction period is long and the reasons for failure to reach production
In the past two decades, China's new large and medium-sized underground iron mines have been built for seven or eight years, and more than seventeen years, and the actual output of the completed mines can only account for 52% of the designed output.
The main reasons for the long construction period and unsuccessful production of iron ore mines are as follows: (1) the reliability of geological resources is poor, especially the first mining sites are more important; (2) planning or design errors; (3) construction technology (4) Mine technical problems are not solved in time; (5) some indicators are too ideal; (6) institutional and management issues; (7) mining delays can not keep up; (8) mining equipment quality and technical level issues (9) Insufficient experience in mine construction; (10) Other unforeseen factors.
At present, ensuring the timely production of mines is often more important than new mines. For mines that have not yet been produced, we should conduct a comprehensive technical and economic analysis of the mine, find out the crux of the problem, carry out technological transformation and innovation one by one, fully tap the existing potential, increase production, and give early play to the mine investment benefits. [next]
2 measures to accelerate mine construction
2.1 Respect science and adhere to the basic construction procedures
Mine construction and production are different from processing plants. Due to the large changes in internal and external conditions, there are many influencing factors. Failure to follow the basic construction procedures often brings many problems to mine construction and production.
For example, Daxigou siderite is difficult to sort because of its special ore nature, and the beneficiation process is complicated. Changsha Metallurgical Research Institute and other scientific research units have conducted many demonstrations and trials and tests on the ore dressing process since the early 1990s. In 1995, they cooperated with WISCO Mining Company to complete the magnetic separation process of Daxigou iron ore and expand it. Continuous experimental research, including raw ore roasting, strong fine roasting and raw ore pre-selection - pre-tail roasting three major programs. The index of refined ore grade greater than 59% and recovery rate greater than 80% was obtained. Although the research results have reached the international advanced level, it provides a scientific theoretical basis for the development and utilization of the Daxigou iron ore. However, this is only the test result of the laboratory. Whether it can adapt to industrial production, it is still to be further industrial test or half. Industrial test. Only in this way can enterprises select more feasible technical solutions and best technical and economic indicators. At the same time, the development of the Daxigou siderite mine must adhere to the principle of “pre-mining and post-selection of the factoryâ€, avoiding blind advances, and the speed is not up, causing a large amount of funds to be deposited and wasted. Some of the mines that were launched during the Cultural Revolution have been very profound in this respect. Therefore, we must pay attention to the characteristics of mines, respect science, and act in accordance with the basic construction procedures stipulated by the state to ensure the smooth construction and production of mines.
2.2 Design is the key link in mine construction
The quality of the design work is good or bad, the level of the program is high and low, which determines the mine construction period to a large extent; determines the amount of investment, determines when the mine is completed and put into production and reaches production; determines whether the production process, system, layout, equipment selection is reasonable and applicable, whether the indicators are Advanced, economic benefits are good. Design is an integrated product of new technologies, new processes, new equipment, and new materials. Therefore, the design determines the skeleton of the mine, which is a key link in mine construction.
It should be noted that the design documents shall not be arbitrarily changed after approval of the construction. Any change in a certain link often brings a series of influences. In the event of changes in objective factors, it is necessary to make partial changes to the design plan. It is also up to the design unit, the enterprise and the construction unit to discuss the decision. It is forbidden for any party to modify the design of the privately, so as not to cause small losses, it may not only increase the capital investment, but also greatly extend the time for mine construction and production.
2.3 Continuously improve the technical level and management level
Constantly improve the technical level, make progress toward scientific and technological progress, and adopt effective technical measures to accelerate the completion of the mine. For example, the open pit mine adopts steep mining, which can balance the production stripping ratio and reduce the initial stripping amount, so that the mine can be mined earlier. Another example is the use of large blasting or high steps to treat the hills, which can also speed up mine construction. The use of underground mines to increase the height of the middle section and high-strength mining methods are all effective measures to speed up the completion of mine construction. In addition, in the process of underground mining infrastructure development, the recycling work of excavation and mine should be fully considered. After the main transportation roadway is formed, the main chute will be started, and after the formation of the slip mine and transportation system, the ore recovered along the veins in the middle section will be recovered. And the ore recovered in the cutting and bottoming project of the first mining section can be used for mineral processing in time, which not only fully saves and utilizes resources, but also accelerates the recovery of mine infrastructure investment. Secondly, rationally dividing the mining area and carrying out district mining can also effectively reduce the mine construction period and accelerate the production and production of the mine. For example, in the first mining section of an underground mine, the cutting tank is opened at an appropriate position in the middle, and the division is divided into two or three, so that the working face of the mining is doubled or doubled. [next]
Mines with suitable conditions, such as Daxigou Lingtie deposit, are constructed in stages, ranging from small to large, divided and invested, and completed in phases, which is also an effective measure to accelerate the timely formation of production capacity of mines. Of course, the mines built in phases should fully consider the overall planning of the follow-up construction in the second and third phases.
2.4 Strengthen the construction team and strictly implement the inspection and acceptance system
The metallurgical mine construction team in our province is not professionally specialized, with poor technical equipment, outdated equipment, slow construction speed and long construction time. In the future, the construction and development of metallurgical mine construction teams should be strengthened, and efforts should be made to improve their technology and equipment. What is worth mentioning is that any mine must pass strict inspection and acceptance before it can be put into operation. The acceptance and assessment criteria shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant national competent authorities and relevant local regulations, and the experience shall be accepted before being delivered for production use.
There are many links in mining enterprises, many systems, complicated processes, high safety requirements, and one ring, which is mostly mechanized or semi-mechanized. After the completion of the construction, the basic construction acceptance system and the single-machine linkage air and heavy load test system must be implemented. It is absolutely impossible to put the production into production as soon as possible, and ignore the key link of acceptance, bringing the remaining problems in the infrastructure construction to production, making it difficult for the mine to reach production, leading to the occurrence of both sides.
2.5 Develop development policies and protection policies in line with China's iron ore resources conditions, and stabilize the mine workers' team
The black metallurgical mines are huge. According to incomplete statistics, the national iron mines have more than 500,000 employees, and most of the mines are located in remote mountainous areas, far from towns, working conditions and living environment are difficult, cultural life is lacking, and some mines are In society, there are too many non-productive tasks, and the burden on enterprises is too heavy. It is very difficult for children to go to school and work. The labor productivity of all employees is low, management costs are increasing, and mines are small or have serious losses.
Due to the instability of the mining team, the people's hearts are floating, and the succession is lacking, which seriously affects the mine construction speed and production time.
According to incomplete statistics, there are currently 16 kinds of taxes and fees in mines. In the current low cost of iron ore, iron ore mines are indeed unbearable.
Therefore, the state, local governments, steel companies and relevant departments must actively adopt a series of development policies and protection measures, and adopt special policies for mines in different regions, such as the transfer of mining rights, resource taxes and resource compensation fees, The land acquisition methods and fees will be given corresponding preferential policies to stabilize the iron ore workers' team, mobilize the enthusiasm of the enterprise, and promote the production and construction of iron ore mines in our province and even the whole country.
2.6 Strive to develop local small and medium mines to make up for the shortage of iron ore supply
Only by building large and medium-sized mines, first, the funds are limited, and second, the construction period is long, and the production cannot be completed on time. The distant water is not thirsty. According to the characteristics of our province and the country's iron ore resources and years of experience, the development of local small and medium-sized mines is an important part of solving the shortage of iron ore, and it is also a strategic policy in line with national conditions. [next]
At the end of the 1980s, the national key iron ore mines accounted for 63%, and local small and medium mines accounted for 37%. After entering the 1990s, local small and medium-sized iron ore mines flourished, and iron ore production increased at an average rate of 600 to 8 million tons per year, far higher than the average growth rate of key iron ore mines. With the continuous deepening of China's economic reforms, it is expected that this growth will further increase in the future.
In general, the advantages of local small and medium iron ore mines are as follows: (1) The construction of small and medium-sized mines is short, the investment is saved, the money can be earned, and the applicable technology is easy to reach; (2) the iron ore resources of our province are wide-ranging. A considerable number of mines are suitable for local mining, suitable for small and medium-sized mines; (3) the country lacks funds, and the local government has certain financial resources, which can fully mobilize local enthusiasm; (4) rural surplus labor is more and cheaper, and labor type can be used. (5) There are many problems in the construction of local mines, such as land acquisition, environmental protection, transportation, water supply, etc.; (6) The development of local mines provides a way out for rural areas and towns to get rid of poverty, develop township economy and improve people's lives.
It should be pointed out that the development of local small and medium-sized mines must be based on the principles of safety, reliability, and scientific standards. Indiscriminate exploitation and illegal acts not only cause waste of national resources, but also affect social stability.
3 Increase investment, increase the price of iron ore products is the key to the construction and development of iron ore mines
3.1 Increase the investment in iron ore mines
Long-term practice has proved that China's iron ore output growth should be proportional to its investment. In the past two decades, the proportion of China's iron ore mine investment in the total investment of the steel industry has been declining, especially in our province. As the proportion of mine investment declines, the iron ore shortage will become larger and larger. Facts have proved that steel companies with a large proportion of mines in China have high self-sufficiency in ore, such as Angang, Shougang and Panzhihua. Therefore, increasing mine investment is an important measure to alleviate the shortage of iron ore resources in our province and develop the steel industry in our province.
3.2 Do everything possible to increase the price of iron ore products
The price of iron ore plays a role in the rapid development of mine construction. Due to the low price of iron ore, the loss or profit of the mine is small, resulting in poor wages and benefits for employees, which directly affects the enthusiasm of mining, and the mines that have already been produced lack the vitality.
Therefore, the author believes that in view of the current shortage of iron ore, the price of ore products should be further increased. The unreasonable phenomenon of artificially transferring mining profits to the steel processing sector should be quickly reversed. The steel processing department should find ways to reduce the cost of processing and the procurement cost of other raw materials, thereby increasing the price of iron ore products, so that "I am very good, I will save for a long time." Only in this way will we make our Iron and steel companies will not become "no rice."