The impact of wet copper smelting on the copper industry

Influence of wet copper refining industry has brought to the copper (1) may be treated grade copper ore, copper ore grade United States has adopted the heap leaching process even as low as 0.04%. Ex-situ mines, waste rock, tailings, etc., which were considered unprocessable in the past, can be reused as copper resources, thus greatly expanding the utilization of copper resources; (2) Due to the simple process and low energy consumption of wet copper smelting, Therefore, the production cost is low. In 1997, the average production cost of Western SX-EW copper was 43 cents/lb, including 8 cents/lb mining fee, 15 cents/lb leaching cost, 18 cents/lb SX-EW fee, 2 US Minutes per pound of management fees. In 1997, the average production cost of western fire copper was 70 cents/lb; (3) the investment cost was low and the construction period was short. The unit investment cost of a large foreign wet copper smelting plant is 2300$/tCu, while the unit investment cost of pyrophoric copper exceeds 4,500$/tCu. Due to the poor equipment, the Chinese wet-process copper smelting plant has a unit investment cost of only 1 to 12,000 yuan/t; (4) There is no environmental pollution problem. The wet copper smelting process does not emit SO2 flue gas, and the sulfur can be produced in the form of S when the sulphide is pressurized and leached, thereby avoiding the problem of excess sulfuric acid. In particular, underground leaching technology does not require the mining of ore, does not destroy vegetation and ecology, and fundamentally improves the working conditions of mining workers; (5) The quality of cathode copper products is high. Since the solvent extraction technique well, so a high selectivity for copper in the copper electrolyte purity copper cathode quality of output can reach 99.999%, coupled with the use of Pb-Ca-Sn alloy and an anode in the electrolytic solution added Co2+ and other measures effectively prevent the corrosion of lead anodes and ensure the quality of cathode products; (6) The scale of production can be large or small, which is especially suitable for the characteristics of Chinese enterprises. It is precisely because of the remarkable advantages of wet copper smelting that it has been rapidly developed. When the second half of 1997 to 1998 caused a sharp decline in the price of non-ferrous metals due to the Asian financial crisis, copper prices continued to fall, and some copper companies in the West The high-cost pyrometallurgical copper plant was shut down, but during this period the world's wet copper smelting output continued to grow strongly, thus indicating the vitality of wet copper smelting technology. In the past, the leaching-extraction-electrowinning process was considered to be only suitable for the treatment of waste rock, oxidized ore, low-grade ore, that is, it is only suitable for the treatment of ore that is not well treated or uneconomical, but in recent years due to biotechnology, The development and industrialization of pressure leaching technology has changed people's understanding. The use of bio- heap leaching can completely handle high-grade secondary sulfide ore, and has reached a large scale of production, which has become a very mature production method. The use of pressurized leaching technology to treat high-grade secondary sulphide ore has also been industrialized and reached a production scale of 50,000 t/a grade A copper at an operating cost of only 35 cents per pound. It can be seen that the main direction of wet copper smelting in recent years has shifted from oxidized ore and waste rock to sulphide ore, and even copper concentrate with chalcopyrite as the main component has been the target of the challenge. It is believed that in the near future, it will be possible to use hydrometallurgical technology to treat any copper ore, and to compete with pyrometallurgy in terms of investment and cost.

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